Writing a simple service and client (C++)

Goal: Create and run service and client nodes using C++.

Tutorial level: Beginner

Time: 20 minutes

Background

When nodes communicate using services, the node that sends a request for data is called the client node, and the one that responds to the request is the service node. The structure of the request and response is determined by a .srv file.

The example used here is a simple integer addition system; one node requests the sum of two integers, and the other responds with the result.

Prerequisites

In previous tutorials, you learned how to create a workspace and create a package.

Tasks

1 Create a package

Open a new terminal and source your ROS 2 installation so that ros2 commands will work.

Navigate into the dev_ws directory created in a previous tutorial.

Recall that packages should be created in the src directory, not the root of the workspace. Navigate into dev_ws/src and create a new package:

ros2 pkg create --build-type ament_cmake cpp_srvcli --dependencies rclcpp example_interfaces

Your terminal will return a message verifying the creation of your package cpp_srvcli and all its necessary files and folders.

The --dependencies argument will automatically add the necessary dependency lines to package.xml and CMakeLists.txt. example_interfaces is the package that includes the .srv file you will need to structure your requests and responses:

int64 a
int64 b
---
int64 sum

The first two lines are the parameters of the request, and below the dashes is the response.

1.1 Update package.xml

Because you used the --dependencies option during package creation, you don’t have to manually add dependencies to package.xml or CMakeLists.txt.

As always, though, make sure to add the description, maintainer email and name, and license information to package.xml.

<description>C++ client server tutorial</description>
<maintainer email="you@email.com">Your Name</maintainer>
<license>Apache License 2.0</license>

2 Write the service node

Inside the dev_ws/src/cpp_srvcli/src directory, create a new file called add_two_ints_server.cpp and paste the following code within:

#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "example_interfaces/srv/add_two_ints.hpp"

#include <memory>

void add(const std::shared_ptr<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts::Request> request,
          std::shared_ptr<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts::Response>      response)
{
  response->sum = request->a + request->b;
  RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Incoming request\na: %ld" " b: %ld",
                request->a, request->b);
  RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "sending back response: [%ld]", (long int)response->sum);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);

  std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Node> node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("add_two_ints_server");

  rclcpp::Service<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts>::SharedPtr service =
    node->create_service<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts>("add_two_ints", &add);

  RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Ready to add two ints.");

  rclcpp::spin(node);
  rclcpp::shutdown();
}

2.1 Examine the code

The first two #include statements are your package dependencies.

The add function adds two integers from the request and gives the sum to the response, while notifying the console of its status using logs.

void add(const std::shared_ptr<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts::Request> request,
         std::shared_ptr<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts::Response>      response)
{
    response->sum = request->a + request->b;
    RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Incoming request\na: %ld" " b: %ld",
        request->a, request->b);
    RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "sending back response: [%ld]", (long int)response->sum);
}

The main function accomplishes the following, line by line:

• Initializes ROS 2 C++ client library:

  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
  

• Creates a node named add_two_ints_server:

  std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Node> node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("add_two_ints_server");
  

• Creates a service named add_two_ints for that node and automatically advertises it over the networks with the &add method:

  rclcpp::Service<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts>::SharedPtr service =
  node->create_service<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts>("add_two_ints", &add);
  

• Prints a log message when it’s ready:

  RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Ready to add two ints.");
  

• Spins the node, making the service available.

  rclcpp::spin(node);
  

2.2 Add executable

The add_executable macro generates an executable you can run using ros2 run. Add the following code block to CMakeLists.txt to create an executable named server:

add_executable(server src/add_two_ints_server.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(server
rclcpp example_interfaces)

So ros2 run can find the executable, add the following lines to the end of the file, right before ament_package():

install(TARGETS
  server
  DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

You could build your package now, source the local setup files, and run it, but let’s create the client node first so you can see the full system at work.

3 Write the client node

Inside the dev_ws/src/cpp_srvcli/src directory, create a new file called add_two_ints_client.cpp and paste the following code within:

#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "example_interfaces/srv/add_two_ints.hpp"

#include <chrono>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <memory>

using namespace std::chrono_literals;

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);

  if (argc != 3) {
      RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "usage: add_two_ints_client X Y");
      return 1;
  }

  std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Node> node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("add_two_ints_client");
  rclcpp::Client<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts>::SharedPtr client =
    node->create_client<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts>("add_two_ints");

  auto request = std::make_shared<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts::Request>();
  request->a = atoll(argv[1]);
  request->b = atoll(argv[2]);

  while (!client->wait_for_service(1s)) {
    if (!rclcpp::ok()) {
      RCLCPP_ERROR(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Interrupted while waiting for the service. Exiting.");
      return 0;
    }
    RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "service not available, waiting again...");
  }

  auto result = client->async_send_request(request);
  // Wait for the result.
  if (rclcpp::spin_until_future_complete(node, result) ==
    rclcpp::FutureReturnCode::SUCCESS)
  {
    RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Sum: %ld", result.get()->sum);
  } else {
    RCLCPP_ERROR(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Failed to call service add_two_ints");
  }

  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

3.1 Examine the code

Similar to the service node, the following lines of code create the node and then create the client for that node:

std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Node> node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("add_two_ints_client");
rclcpp::Client<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts>::SharedPtr client =
  node->create_client<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts>("add_two_ints");

Next, the request is created. Its structure is defined by the .srv file mentioned earlier.

auto request = std::make_shared<example_interfaces::srv::AddTwoInts::Request>();
request->a = atoll(argv[1]);
request->b = atoll(argv[2]);

The while loop gives the client 1 second to search for service nodes in the network. If it can’t find any, it will continue waiting.

RCLCPP_INFO(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "service not available, waiting again...");

If the client is canceled (e.g. by you entering Ctrl+C into the terminal), it will return an error log message stating it was interrupted.

RCLCPP_ERROR(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "Interrupted while waiting for the service. Exiting.");
  return 0;

Then the client sends its request, and the node spins until it receives its response, or fails.

3.2 Add executable

Return to CMakeLists.txt to add the executable and target for the new node. After removing some unnecessary boilerplate from the automatically generated file, your CMakeLists.txt should look like this:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
project(cpp_srvcli)

find_package(ament_cmake REQUIRED)
find_package(rclcpp REQUIRED)
find_package(example_interfaces REQUIRED)

add_executable(server src/add_two_ints_server.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(server
  rclcpp example_interfaces)

add_executable(client src/add_two_ints_client.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(client
  rclcpp example_interfaces)

install(TARGETS
  server
  client
  DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

ament_package()

4 Build and run

It’s good practice to run rosdep in the root of your workspace (dev_ws) to check for missing dependencies before building:

LinuxmacOSWindows

rosdep install -i --from-path src --rosdistro humble -y

Navigate back to the root of your workspace, dev_ws, and build your new package:

LinuxmacOSWindows

colcon build --packages-select cpp_srvcli

Open a new terminal, navigate to dev_ws, and source the setup files:

LinuxmacOSWindows

. install/setup.bash

Now run the service node:

ros2 run cpp_srvcli server

The terminal should return the following message, and then wait:

[INFO] [rclcpp]: Ready to add two ints.

Open another terminal, source the setup files from inside dev_ws again. Start the client node, followed by any two integers separated by a space:

ros2 run cpp_srvcli client 2 3

If you chose 2 and 3, for example, the client would receive a response like this:

[INFO] [rclcpp]: Sum: 5

Return to the terminal where your service node is running. You will see that it published log messages when it received the request and the data it received, and the response it sent back:

[INFO] [rclcpp]: Incoming request
a: 2 b: 3
[INFO] [rclcpp]: sending back response: [5]

Enter Ctrl+C in the server terminal to stop the node from spinning.

Summary

You created two nodes to request and respond to data over a service. You added their dependencies and executables to the package configuration files so that you could build and run them, and see a service/client system at work

Next steps

In the last few tutorials you’ve been utilizing interfaces to pass data across topics and services. Next, you’ll learn how to create custom interfaces.

Related content

• There are several ways you could write a service and client in C++; check out the minimal_service and minimal_client packages in the ros2/examples repo.